Awareness of Risk reduction -UNIT-III
1.
Define trigger mechanism.(Nov 2011)
The trigger mechanism envisages that on
receiving signals of a disaster happening or likely to happen , all the
resources and activities required for the mitigation process are energized and
activities required for the mitigation process are energized and activated
simultaneously without loss of any time and the management of the event is
visible on the ground.
2.
Mention the trigger mechanism in nature
and man?
·
Desired to conquer
·
Exploitation resources
·
Developmental activities
·
Evaluation of planet earth
3.
How are disaster categorized?
·
Neither anticipated nor expected
·
Anticipated but nor expected
·
Anticipated but also expected
4.
What is the emergency response in disaster risk reduction?
·
Minimize losses
·
Rescue and relief
·
Stabilize mitigation
·
Response – an independent factor
5.
Mention the disaster management plans?
·
Contingency action plane
·
Relief manuals
·
Activities details
·
Elaborate off – ground plans
6.
What are the needs for quick response?
·
Time is the essence
·
No time for planning
·
No space for organization
·
Preparedness on the ground
7.
What are the concept of trigger mechanism?
·
Key to ignition
·
Spontaneous response
·
Suo Moto activation
·
Simultaneous energisation
·
Block buildings
·
Command and control
8.
What are the parameters of trigger mechanism?
·
Signals / warning mechanism
·
Activities and their levels
·
Sub activities defined
·
Authorities specified
·
Response time determined
·
Sub action plans formulated
·
Quick response team
·
Alternative plans
·
Appropriate delegation
9.
What is the preparedness of trigger mechanism?
·
Know the tasks in advanced
·
Have clear mandate and authority
·
Identify and earmark resources
·
Lay down mechanism to response
·
Network the team
·
Undergo preparedness drills
·
Coordinate and communicate
·
Appraisal and updated
10.
Mention the structural details in trigger mechanism?
Activities
/ authorities
·
Listing probable disasters
·
To keep watch
·
Signal / warning mechanism
·
Co-ordination, command, control
·
Community participation
·
Role of NGOs / local bodies
·
Media management
·
Recue / evacuation
·
Food / clothing
·
Drinking water
·
Health and medicine
·
Trauma centres
·
Disposal of bodies / caracass
·
Shelter camps and sanitation
·
Fuel / power
·
Transportation
·
Communication
11. Mention the structural details in trigger mechanism?
Levels
of activities
·
Area of operation
·
Numbers to be looked after
·
Activity qualification
·
Three level division
12. Mention the structural details in trigger mechanism?
Quick
response team
·
Procurement
·
Distribution
·
Mobilization
·
Finance
·
Co-ordination
13.
What is the response of trigger mechanism?
The trigger mechanism is
a emergency quick response mechanism like ignition switch which when energized
spontaneously sets the vehicle of management into motion on the road disaster
mitigation process.
14.
What is disaster risk (DR)?
Disaster risk is the
potential loss expressed in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and
services, which could occur to a particular community or a society due to the
impact of a natural hazard.
15.
What is disaster risk reduction (DRR)?
Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying,
assessing and reducing that risk. Specifically, the purpose of DRR is to
minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society to avoid
(prevent) or limit (mitigate and prepare for) the adverse impacts of natural
hazards, as well as to facilitate sustainable development. DRR is also
recognized as a key climate change adaptation strategy.
16.
What is hazard?(Nov 2011)
A geophysical, atmospheric or
hydrological event (e.g. earthquake, landslide, tsunami, windstorm, wave or
surge, flood or drought) that has the potential to cause harm or loss.
17.
Define vulnerability?
The potential to suffer harm or loss,
related to the capacity to anticipate a hazard, cope with it, resist it and
recover from its impact. Both vulnerability and its antithesis, resilience, are
determined by physical, environment, social, economic, political, cultural and
institutional factors.
18.
What is disaster risk?
A combined functions of the characteristics and frequency of hazards,
the degree to which communicate are exposed, and the degree of their
vulnerability or resilience.
19.
Mention the disaster risk reduction in education?
It is a systematic approach to
incorporating the analysis of disaster risk and disaster risk reduction
measures in education sector development planning. Disaster risk reduction is a
combined of action, processes and attitudes necessary for minimizing underlying
factors of vulnerability, improving preparedness and building resilience of the
education system. It enables an uninterrupted development trajectory of the
education system and continued access of all learners to quality education.
20.
Mention the information needs in disaster management?
The information needs of
disaster managers fall into two distinct, but closely related, categories of
activities viz:
·
Pre-disaster activities: analysis and
research (to improve the existing knowledgebase), risk assessment, prevention,
mitigation and preparedness; and
·
Post-disaster activities: response,
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Accordingly, there are two
categories of disaster-related data:
·
Pre-disaster baseline data about the
country and risks; and
·
Post-disaster real-time data about the
impact of a disaster and the resources available to combat it.
21.
What are the two essential preliminaries to a establishing a disaster
management information system?
·
Defining the purpose of the system
·
Investigation the existing databases and
integrating with them
22.
What are the components of a national management information system?
Key
components of a disaster management information system would be a database of
·
Hazard assessment mapping
·
Vulnerability assessment
·
Demographic distribution
·
Infrastructure, lifelines and critical
facilities
·
Logistics and transportation routes
·
Human and material response resources
·
Communication facilities
23.
Mention the usage of disaster management information system (DMIS) would be in
3context.
·
Preparedness
·
Mitigation
·
response & recovery
24.
How can a disaster be reduced?
Disaster can be substantially
reduced if people are well informed and motivated toward a culture of disaster
prevention and resilience, which in turn requires the collection, compilation
and dissemination of relevant knowledge and information on hazards,
vulnerabilities and capacities.
25.
Mention the key activities to reduce the disaster(Nov 2012)
Information
management and exchange
Relevant information, network
strengthening, cooperation and partnership among stakeholders, information
sharing,
Education
and training
School curricula, trainings targeted at
specific sectors,
Research
Multi-risk assessment,
socioeconomic cost-benefit analysis, strengthen the capacity
Public
awareness
Engagement of the media
26.
Mention the hazard map as disaster information & communication?
·
A map drawing some levels of risks
regarding to a specific of the area
·
Effective communication tool for public
awareness raising, especially when it contains an useful information close to
their life, such as evacuation routes and place
27.
List out according to the administrative division.
·
National level
·
Municipal level
·
City level and community level
28.
Mention the implementations for raising public awareness in disaster?(May 2013)
·
Efforts to raise public awareness of DRR
should systematically involve communities and local residents.
·
Equally, to enhance their ownership of
those activities is necessary,
·
Raising public awareness is vital to
build a culture of safety, and thus the resilience of nation and communities
the disaster.
29.
List out the categorisation of Disaster.
Disaster
can be broadly categorised as:
1.Those
which are neither anticipated nor expected
2.Those
which are anticipated but not expected
3.Those
which are anticipated and also expected
30.
What is Trigger Mechanism?
Trigger mechanism envisages that on receiving signals of
a disaster happening or likely to happen, all the resources and activities
required for the mitigation process are energised and activated simultaneously
without loss of any time and management of the event is visible on the gorund.
The primary objective of the trigger mechanism is to
undertake immediate rescue and relief operations and stabilise the mitigation
process as quickly as possible.
31.
What are the requirement needed for planner towards trigger mechanism?
1.To identify
disasters and the probability of their occurence
2. To evolve an
effective signal/ warning mechanism
3. To identify
the various activities towards coordination, control, assessement of damage,
restoration of power,
4. To identify
the sub activities
5. To define the
level of response
6. To specify
authorities
7. To dtermine
the response time
8. To work out
individual activity plans
9. To have quick
response teams (QRTs)
10. To Undergo
preparedness drills
32.
Explain the Flow Chart for Trigger Mechanism.
Trigger
Mechanism has two basic Components. These are the trigger authority and the
cooridnation, command and control activity. The trigger authority would
generally be the authority in charge of the disaster response by the unit and
may be the district magistrate, the relief commissioner, The central Relief
commissioner or any other office designated for the purpose.
Figure- Flow Chart for Trigger Mechanism.
33.
Explain about Trigger Mechanism Network.
The
Trigger mechanism in fact is a preparedness plan in which all the participating
managers know in advance the task assigned to them and the manner in which they
have prepared themselves to responsd. As such, the organisation and planning
would have already been taken care of
the resoures including manpower, material and equipment are identified.
The performers have adequated delegation of financial and administrative powers
and have the mandate for accomplishing the task.
 |
 |
||
Figure -Trigger Mechanism Network
The Success of the
Trigger mechanism depends on the vision and perception of the planners. They
are required to anticipate the likely activities with reference to the nature
of the disaster and its impace.
34.What is called as operating
standard procedure?
The
Trigger Mechanism can also be called as “Operating
Standard Procedure” , since the implementation of the efforts on ground are
well laid down in advance. All the major activities, which are generally common
to all type of disasters will require sub- division and preparation of sub
action plans by each specified authority. They will be required to list all the
requirements and their availability within the prescribed response time.
Trigger mechanism would thus be a horizontal network of interaction between the different responders.
The
Trigger mechanism is an emergency quick response mechanism like an ignition
switch, which when energised spontaneously sets the vehicle of management into
motion on the road of disaster mitigation process to play a prominent role in
disaster risk reduction.
35.
Discuss the role of Media in Disaster?
There are
various media uses in disaster like Television, Radio, Print media (Newspaper,
Magazines)
The main role played by this media
1. Convey the Instruction – Education the public
how to prepare for disaster
. Media may inspire
donation from other parts of the country
3. Draw attention to
natural (Or) Technology hazard support to prevent (or) Mitigation
4. Media will often
withhold the Current events or News
5. Media helps to
visual the disaster occurance
6. Media helps to for
point to point and person to person communication
7. Helps to provide
actual statistical of calamities
36.Discuss
the Role of Schools and School Children.
Schools, School teachers and pupils must be included in
the national and local programmes for disaster reduction and environmental management.
This is probably one of the most cost effective ways of creating change and
effecting improvement in farming practice and environmental conservation.
Disaster
management as a subject in Social Sciences has been introduced in the school
curriculum for Class VIII. The Central Board of Secondary Education which has
introduced the curriculum runs a very large number of schools throughout the
country and the course curriculum is invariably followed by the State Boards of
Secondary Education. Several State Governments have already introduced the same
curriculum in Class VIII. Syllabus for Class IX and X has been finalized and
will be introduced in the course curriculum from April, 2004 and April, 2005
respectively.
Class
room learning programmes, projects and experiments baaed upon environmental
conservation practices can also be started in schools and as part of adult
learning programmes.
Local
weather and environmental monitoring programmes can be incorporated in schools
as part of higher levels of secondary eduction to promote among the young,
knowledge and undertaking of the physical environment in which they live.
37.
Explain the risk reductaion through public awarness programmes.(Nov
2012)
In
developing countries, the UN sponsors a range of programmes while at the same
time, international NGO’s aim at social and community development, because many
of these are themselves relevant to disaster reduction it is both economical
and effective to graft public awareness and information plans for concerning
disaster on to such existing programmes rather than to launch specifically
disaster oriented, but possibly confusing new ones, directed at the community
level.
Various
programmes are the primary health care schemes, woman and child care programmes
and famine warning programmes, which have already been effectively developed
and implemented by the UNICEF.
38. List out the principal authorities for
Disaster Management.
The principal
authorities for the purpose of carrying out the objects of this ACT and
operationalising its provisions and the rules made thereunder shall be as
specified below:
(i) The state
government
(ii) Standing Technical
Committee (STC)
(iii) An officer of the
state government not below the rank of the secretary shall be appointed to be
the state relief commissioner (SRC) and he shall be placed in charge of the
relief operations throughout the state
(iv) District
Magistrate shall be designated as District Relief Commissioner (DRC) and he
shall be responsible for relief operations within the district.
39.
Discuss about the powers and responsibilities of the state government.
(i) Subject to the
provisions of this act, the state government shall have the power to take all
such measures, as it deems necessary or expedient for the purpose of preventing
and managing disaster,
(ii) Measures may
include measures with respects to all or any of the following matters, namely:
a. Coordination of actions by the state government,
officers, officials and other authorities and NGOs, under this act or rules
made thereunder or under any other law for the time beign in force which is
relatable to the objects of this act
b. Planning and execution of a statewide programme for
prevention, management and mitigation of disaster
c. Laying down procedures and safeguards for the
prevention of disaster
d. Collection and dissemination of information in respect
of matters relating to disasters including suo motto propagation of vital
information affecting the public
(iii) state government
shall exercise supervision and control over the STO, SRC and DRC.
(iv) The state
government shall drawn up a plan for relief in advance and ensure that the
concerned officials and local inhabitants are given adequate training
(v) The state
government shall declare an area where a disaster has occurred to be a
“disaster affected” area as early as possible and shall denotify the same as
soon as disaster ceases, both within a period of time prescribed in this
behalf.
40.
Duties and functions of the standing technical committee
(i) The standing Technical Committee shall
a. Identify such material, equipments and services as are
essential for disaster management for any or more of the purpose specified.
b.
Ensure the quality and standard of such materials, equipments and services by
appropriate certification
c.
Purpose of facilitating purchase and avoiding delay, select suitable suppliers
and enter into rate contracts with them, the facility of which may be availed
by state relief commissioner, District Relief Commissioner
(ii)
It shall be lawful for the standing technical committee to relax or to waive,
by general or special orders, to dispense with the ordinary procedures and
routine formalities for the purpose of procurement of such materials,
equipments and services.
41..Define
a Disaster Information network.
The setting of a
regional health disaster information network can establish links for the
disaster infromation.
The internet may the
availed for this, using the internet the various countries can form a mega
network by joining together their respective networks for health information
pertaining to disasters. Setting up of a regional health and disaster
information network will greatly help a country.
42.
List some advantages of disaster Information network.
A) Provides a system of
information transfer, especially, when the communication system on ground has
failed. The neighbouring states can reach out for immediate relief to the
affected state, if such information of requirement of the logistics is made
available to them
B) Information about
life line services like food and water supply, shelter, medication, etc., can
be immediately conveyed to government and non government organizations
C) Vicitims can be
transmitted through such network, besides through TV., radio, and newspaper.
D) The provision for
and the access to correct information will not only lessen the morbidity and
mortality level, but will also prevent economic losses.
E) Help in setting up
web sites which can be used by outsiders (relatives, NGOs, the government,
international organizations, etc.,) to gain access to information regarding the
disaster area.
F)Providing linkages to
the media/ press
G) Creates networks of
NGOs, Which will increase efficiency of information transfer and reduce
duplication of effort.
43.Discuss
about the responsibilities of health and disaster management collaborating
centre.
The responsibilities of
this centre may include:
(i) Investigating
medico- santiary issues in the aftermath of different disasters and preparing
and implementing methodologies for the planning of health emergency and relief
action
(ii) Assessing the
effectiveness of existing health service structures in meeting emergency
situations and preparing recommendation relevant to disaster medicine service
and health management of the population in times of emergency.
(iii) Undertaking
mutually agreed research activities and the collection and evaluation of
technical and scientific information related to disaster preparedenss and
management.
(iv) Assist in
developing national and international training courses on the medical aspects
of disaster preparedness and management.
(v) Tendering advice
and participating in the awareness programmes in the areas of public health
implications of exposure to radiation.
44.
Explain the uses of Disaster information server.
The
regional health disaster information network will also set up a disaster information
server, which will greatly help in providing data and information on disasters.
The information will be accessible to all, that is, individuals, institutions,
and countries. The information will be made available in different languages.
It will contain knowledge based on the past and present experience of various
countries and will have national, regional and global advisors whom the
institutuons and individuals can contact.
Governement,
non government, academic, commerical and such other organization can play an
important role in the creation of such an information system. With the setting
up of the information server, facilities such as e-mail, internet based
educational and training programmes, telemedicine, epidemiological
surveillance, disease telemonitoring, a health and disaster directory, and
mailing lists can be provided.
45. What is meant by Lock down
drill?
It
means of participating preparedness in a business in the event of criminal act.
46.
Mention the key activities to reduce the disaster?
ü Information
management and exchang
ü Education
and training
ü Research
ü Public
awareness.
47. What is meant by delegates?
A
person authorized to act as a representative
for another (deputy or agent) is called delegates.
48. What is meant by sanitation?
It
is the hygienic means of promoting health, through prevention of human contact
with hazard of waste.
49.
What is meant by stand alone courses?
It
refers to specialized course curricula focused on disaster risk reduction. These
courses may supplement the existing curriculum at specific grade levels.
50. Mention some goals of DIN.
ü To
stimulate and facilitate mitigation.
ü To
promote efficiency and cost effectiveness.
PART-B
1. What is a
trigger mechanism? Explain it in details.(May 2013,2012)
2. Write short
notes on disaster risk reduction. (8
marks)
3. Explain what
are the information needs in disaster management.
4. Explain the
management plan in trigger mechanism.
5. Write short
notes on the in disaster management information system.
6. Briefly
explains the implementation for raising public awareness in disaster.(May
2013,Nov 2011,2012)
7. Explain about the
risk reduction by education.(Nov 2012)
8. Explain about the disaster
information network.(Nov 2011,2012)
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